s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] z{}lIfs ljsf;sf] k|of; nfO{ t'ngfTds ?kn]
cWoog ubf{ k|z:t ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5, t/ cfwf/e"t If]qsf kl/;"rsx?sf]
cWoog ubf{ k|z:t ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] kfOG5 . o; lhNnfdf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf]
:yfkgfsf] qmd @)!& ;fnkl5 k|fylds txaf6 ;'?cft eO{ qmlds ?kdf ljsf; ePsf]
b]lvG5 . /fli6«o lzIff k4lt @)@* sf]] bf];|f] r/0fsf] of]hgf @)@( ;fndf
nfu" k"j{ ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof dflj, lgdflj / k|flj qmdzM !, !% / $% dfq
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . /fli6«o lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf nfu" ePkl5 ljBfno :yfkgf
;~rfng ultljlwx?df qmlds ?kdf j[l4 x'+b} cfPsf] tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf
nfu" ePkl5 ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;'wf/, lzIfs tflnd, ;|f]t s]Gb| :yfkgf /
lg/LIf0f Pj+ cg'udg h:tf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x? z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 . tTkZrft cfwf/e"t
tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfn] cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf v]n]sf] kfOG5 . cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] If]qdf dWod tyf pRr:t/Lo lzIffdf
;d]t of] lhNnf ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q tyf dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qd}
cu|0fL e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] 5 . To:t} cf}krfl/s lzIffdf lghL If]qsf]
;xeflutfn] gofF cfofd yk]sf] tyf lhNnfsf] z}lIfs:t/ ;'wfg{df ;d]t k|z:t ;xof]u
u/]sf] 5 . To:t} k|fljlws Pj+ Jofj;flos lzIfftkm{ lghL If]qn] ck]Iffs[t ?kdf
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 .
|
cf}krfl/s
lzIff @)%&÷%* |
pRr
lzIff |
k|fljlws
lzIff |
||||
|
tx |
ljBfno
;+Vof |
tx |
SofDk;
;+Vof |
tx |
;+Vof |
|
|
;/sf/L |
gLlh |
|||||
|
k|flj lgdflj dflj p=dflj |
!$$ #( $$ |
^@ !) !# % |
k|df0fkq tx :gfts tx :gftsf]Q/ tx |
* # @ |
k|fljlws SLC k|fljlws
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx gl;{u+ SofDk; |
^ @ ! |
lhNnfsf] ;fIf/tf b/df >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ul/Psf ljleGg
sfo{qmdx?n] kl/jt{g NofPsf] b]lvG5 t/ ;fIf/tf b/df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;~rfng ul/Psf
ljljw sfo{qmdx?n] cflbjf;L, hghflt tyf blntsf] ;fIf/tf b/df eg] ck]lIft ;'wf/
Nofpg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . a9\bf] a;fOFF–;/fOn] k|ltjif{ lg/If/tfdf cfPsf] ;'wf/ gu0o b]lvPsf] 5 eg] cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf ;fy}
Jofj;flos lzIfftkm{ klg cfjZos sbd grflnPsf]n] cgf}krfl/s lzIff k|efjsf/L x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . cgf}krfl/s lzIfftkm{ lhNnf
lzIff sfof{noafx]s ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? ;lqmo ePsf
b]lvG5g\ .
ljleGg lsl;dsf ;d:ofx? x'+bfx'+b} klg ;"rsx?n]
;sf/fTds gtLhfx?tkm{ o; lhNnfnfO{ OlËt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . jt{dfg ;"rsx?n]
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;g\ @)!# ;Dddf lg/If/tf pGd"ng ug]{ tyf clgjfo{
k|fylds lzIff ;a}nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] gLltnfO{ k"/f ug]{ s]xL nlIft
;d"xx?df s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy}, nlIft ;d"x sfo{qmdnfO{ cem
a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
tflnsf
z}lIfs l:yltsf] ljj/0f k|ltztdf
|
ljj/0f |
@)$(÷%) |
)%&÷)%* |
k|:tfljt )^#÷)^$ |
)&#÷)&$ |
|
s'n ;fIf/tf b/ |
44.32 |
59.29 |
81.46 |
|
|
dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ |
37.21 |
45.44 |
70.05 |
100 |
|
d'Qm sd}of egf{ b/ |
|
10.00 |
60.00 |
100 |
|
blnt egf{ b/ |
10.50 |
14.87 |
30.00 |
100 |
|
cflbjf;L egf{ b/ |
15 |
25.59 |
45.00 |
100 |
|
k|fljk"/f ug]{ b/ |
|
54.33 |
90.00 |
100 |
|
k|flj k"/f u/L lgdflj
k"/f ug]{ b/ |
|
74.90 |
85.00 |
98 |
·
nlIft ;d"x sfo{qmdnfO{ j9L k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;~rfng u/L
cf}krfl/s sIffdf k|f]T;flxt ug'{kg]{ .
o; lhNnfsf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug]{ qmddf :yfgLo
lgsfo / lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] e"ldsf cx+ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lhNnf lzIff
sfof{non] cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s lzIfftkm{ ljz]if kxn u/L lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4df
7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] . :yfgLo lgsfox?n] M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ufpF ljsf;
;ldlt, gu/ kflnsfn] ;d]t cfˆgf] ah]6sf] 7"nf] lx:;f ljBfnox?sf]
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, lzIfs b/aGbL tyf cGo z}lIfs ultljlwdf nufgL ub}{ cfPsf]
b]lvG5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnfdf pRr z}lIfs sfo{qmdx? / ultljlw ;~rfng
ul//x]sf SofDk;x?sf] klg k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df 7"nf] nufgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;afx]s ;f+;b sf]ifsf] /sdsf] ;d]t 7"nf] lx:;f z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] nufgL
ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, j; Jofj;foL ;ldlt cflbaf6 ;d]t pRr
lzIfftkm{ pNn]vgLo nufgL ePsf] b]lvG5 . dflj tyf p=dflj :t/Lo cf}krfl/s
lzIfftkm{ lghL ;|f]tn] ljutsf !) jif{df pNn]vgLo nufgL u/]sf] 5 . k|fljlws tyf
Joj;flos lzIff g} cfhsf] d"n cfjZostf xf] eGg] tkm{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
s'g} ;|f]t kl/rfng gePsf] l:yltdf lghL ;|f]tn] o; If]qdf nufgL ug'{nfO{
;sf/fTds ?kn] lng ;lsG5 . lhNnfdf P;=Pn=;L= :t/Lo ^ lsl;dsf tflnd lbg] k|fljlws
lzIffnox? cl:tTjdf /x]sf 5g\\ eg] k|fljlws k|df0fkq tx ;~rfng ul//x]sf
OlGhltol/Ëtk{msf @ j6f ;+:yf dxfsfnL c+rnd} klxnf] / Psdfq gl;{Ëtkm{ ;'b"/
klZrddfg} klxnf] / Ps dfq} u/L ;~rflnt 5g\ .
cgf}krfl/s lzIff If]qdf
:yfgLo txdf /xL s]xL jh]6sf] nufgL ug]{ u};;x?df PgPgP;8Jn'P tyf j]; ;+:yfsf]
e"ldsfn] lhNnfsf] z}lIfs nIf / p2]Zo k|fKt ug]{ lbzftkm{ 6]jf k'u]sf] 5
. >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;3fp+b} /fli6«o
:t/sf u};; h:t} o"lg;]km, 8f;', 8flg8f, hfOsf, lhl6h]8 cflbn] z}lIfs
u'0f:t/ ;'wfg{df 7"nf] d2t
lbO/x]sf] s'/f lh=lz=sf= sf] clen]vaf6 k'i6\ofO{F ePsf] 5 .
lzIff k"jf{wf/ tyf
;]jf
ljsf;sf] k|d'v cfwf/lznf lzIff g} xf], lzIffsf]
dfWodaf6 JolQmdf cGtlg{lxt k|ltefx?sf] ljsf; x'g uO{ ;du| ;dfh / /fi6«df g}
;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt /lxcfPsf] 5 . ;r]t, cg'zfl;t
tyf pTkfbgzLn hgzlQm lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu lzIff If]qsf] g} ;jf]{k/L e"ldsf
clgjfo{ /xG5 . b]zdf lzIffIf]qdf w]/} k|of;x? ePtf klg jfl~5t pknlJw eg] k|fKt
ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . tyflk of]hgfj4 tj/n] z}lIfs k"jf{wf/ Pj+ ;]jf lj:tf/
ug]{ k|of; x'+b} cfPsf] 5 . of]hgf lgdf{0fdf ul/jL lgjf/0f tyf rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf
nflu lzIffIf]qnfO{ dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] Ps ;zQm dfWodsf] ?kdf gLltut ?kdf cjnDag
ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% nfu" eP b]lv :yfgLo :jfoQ ;/sf/sf]
?kdf lhNnfsf] ;du| ljsf;sf] lglDt lhlj;nfO{ gofF / uxg lhDd]jf/Lx? ylkb} cfPsf]
5 . clxn] lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljsf; nufot ;a} If]qdf lhlj;sf] g]t[TjbfoL Pj+
;dGjosf/L e"ldsf /x+b} cfPsf] 5 .
lzIff If]qsf]
kl/;"rsnfO{ To; If]qdf ;~rflnt ljleGg z}lIfs sfo{qmdaf6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg]
x'G5 . o;} cg'?k o; lhNnfdf @)%&÷%* ;Dd ;~rfng eO{/x]sf ljleGg txsf z}lIfs
;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 . lhNnfdf k|flj;+Vof @)^, lgdflj $%,
dflj %& /x]sf 5g\ eg] k|df0fkq, :gfts tx / :gftsf]Q/ tx ;~rfng ul/Psf
;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof qmdzM *, # / @ /x]sf] 5 . To:t} k|fljlws P;=Pn=l;=tkm{ ^
sfo{qmdx? / k|fljlws k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq txtkm{ @ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\
eg] pRr dflj % / gl;{u SofDk; ! ;d]t ;~rflnt 5g\ .
lhNnfdf /x]sf afns
aflnsfx?sf] ljBfno egf{ b/ lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ultljlwsf] kl/;"rs xf] . ljutsf
ljljw z}lIfs ultljlwn] ubf{ lhNnfsf] ljBfyL{ egf{ ;DaGwL kl/;"rs ;sf/fTds
b]lvPsf] 5 . lhNnfdf cf=j=@)%&÷%* ;Ddsf] v'b -cf}ift_ ljBfno egf{ b/ *^=(^
k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;dWo] 5fqf egf{ b/ t'ngfTds ?kdf sd cyf{t &(=(%
k|ltzt b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf
ljBfyL{ egf{b/
|
ljj/0f |
OsfO |
)%&÷%* |
|
v'b -cf}ift_
egf{ b/ 5fq egf{ b/ 5fqf egf{ b/ |
k|ltzt ,, ,, |
*^=(^ (#=(* &(=(% |
;|f]t M
lh=lz=sf= s~rgk'/, jflif{s k|ltj]bg
lhNnfdf /x]sf s'n afnaflnsfdWo] d'Qm sd}of, blnt
cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx?sf] ljBfnodf kx'+r lgs} Go"g b]lvPsf] 5 .
o:tf lk5l8Psf eGg] cGo ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'+r ePsf] b]lvG5 . nlIft
;d"xsf] lzIffdf kx'+r gk'Ug'sf] d'Vo sf/0f cfly{s / ;fdflhs b]lvPsf] 5 .
oL ;d"xx?sf nflu ljljw sfo{qmdx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] ePtfklg kx'+r gx'g'
lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljsf;sf] nflu 7"nf] cj/f]wsf ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf
nlIft ;d"x egf{ b/
|
ljj/0f |
OsfO |
@)$(÷%) |
)%&÷%* |
|
d'Qm
sd}of egf{ b/ blnt
egf{ b/ cflbjf;L
egf{ b/ |
k|ltzt ,, ,, |
– !)=% !%=) |
!)=)) !$=*& @%=%( |
;|f]t M lh=lz=of]=÷
lh=lz=sf= s~rgk'/, k|ltj]bg @)%*
k"j{ k|fylds
lzIff M
o; lhNnfdf k"j{ k|fylds lzIff -#–% jif{_ sf
nflu k|foM ;a} h;f] lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfnox?n] lzIff ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
lhNnf lzIff sfof{noåf/f ljleGg ;/sf/L ljBfnox?n] ;d]t afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf
u/L k"j{ k|fylds lzIffsf] ;'?cft ePsf] b]lvG5 .
k|fylds lzIff M
^ aif{ b]lv !) aif{sf] pd]/ ;d"xsf]
ljBfyL{x?sf] k|fylds lzIffdf kx'+r ;sf/fTds b]lvPsf] 5 . s'n egf{b/ *^=(^Ü
/x]sf] x'Fbf o; nlIft ;d"xsf nflu pko'{Qm kx'+r k'¥ofpg h?/L /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnfdf ljleGg lgsfox?af6 lzIffdf ePsf] nufgL cg'?k
k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] ePtfklg pQL0f{ b/nfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} lng ;lsG5 .
tflnsf
ljleGg txdf ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ b/
|
ljj/0f |
OsfO |
2057÷058 |
|
|
k|flj |
5fq |
k|ltzt |
82.81 |
|
5fqf |
,, |
50.11 |
|
|
lgdflj |
5fq |
,, |
34.79 |
|
5fqf |
,, |
20.31 |
|
|
dflj |
5fq |
,, |
68.36 |
|
5fqf |
,, |
47.50 |
|
|
PCL tx lj1fg |
5fq |
,, |
38.9 |
|
5fqf |
,, |
23.1 |
|
|
k|fljlws lzIff |
5fq |
,, |
37.84 |
|
5fqf |
,, |
54.3 |
|
tflnsf
dlxnf
lzIffsf] ljj/0f
|
tx |
hDdf |
2057/58 |
|
|
lzIfs |
lzlIfsf |
||
|
k|flj |
850 |
747 |
130 |
|
lgdflj |
206 |
182 |
24 |
|
dflj |
142 |
133 |
9 |
lhNnfdf lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] a9\bf] ;+Vof tyf cf}krfl/s
tyf k|fljlws lzIfftkm{ lglh If]qsf] a9\bf] cfsif{0f{{ Ps ;sf/fTds kIfsf ?kdf
b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] 7"nf] nufgL eO/x]sf] cgf}krfl/s tyf
cf}krfl/s lzIffaf6 jfl~5t k|ltkmn gx'g'] sfof{Gjog kIf sdhf]/ /x]sf] / o;nfO{
cem ;'b[9 agfpg' kg]{] cfjZos ePsf] 5 . tn pNn]v ul/Psf] tflnsfn] lhNnfsf] s'n ljBfno
lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] @)$(÷%), )%#÷%$ / )%&÷%* sf] t'ngfTds l:ylt bzf{Psf] 5 .
tflnsf
lzIff If]qdf ePsf] k|ultsf]
( jif{sf] l:ylt
|
l;=g= |
lzIff |
cf=j=)$(÷%) sf] l:ylt |
cf=j=)%#÷%$ sf] l:ylt |
cf=j=)%&÷%* sf] l:ylt |
||||||
|
! |
s=s'n ;fIf/tf b/ |
44.32 |
48.53 |
59.29 |
||||||
|
|
v=dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ |
37.21 |
40.42 |
45.24 |
||||||
|
@ |
kfFrjif{sf] cjlwdf
k|fljk"/f ug]{ b/ |
42.32 |
46 |
54.33 |
||||||
|
# |
;/b/ ljBfno jif{ |
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
s= s'n |
218 |
215 |
212 |
||||||
|
|
v=cflbjf;L tyf hghflt |
194 |
196 |
197 |
||||||
|
|
u= blnt |
188 |
193 |
195 |
||||||
|
^ |
P;=Pn=l:f= plQ0f{ b/ |
49=22 |
41.97 |
29.82 |
||||||
|
& |
s'n lzIfs ;+Vof |
1077 |
1671 |
1823 |
||||||
|
|
tflnd k|fKt lzIfs
k|ltzt |
32=40 |
30 |
31.4 |
||||||
|
!# |
ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ |
60=25 |
54.75 |
22.90 |
||||||
|
!$ |
v'b egf{ b/ |
63=65 |
76.27 |
87.96 |
||||||
|
!% |
cgf}krfl/s sIffx?sf]
l:ylt |
|
220 |
380 |
||||||
|
!^ |
cgf}rfl/s sIffdf
;xeflutf |
|
5500 |
6302 |
||||||
|
|
dlxnf |
|
4946 |
5093 |
||||||
|
|
k'?if |
|
634 |
1209 |
||||||
|
!& |
cgf}krfl/s sIffx?sf]
pQL0f{ k|ltzt |
|
78 |
89 |
||||||
|
!* |
ljz]if lzIffsf] sIff ;+Vof |
|
3 |
6 |
||||||
|
|
ljBfyL{ ;+Vof |
|
30 |
60 |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
!( |
j}slNks ljBfnosf] ;+Vof |
|
10 |
19 |
||||||
|
|
;xefuL afnaflnsf ;+Vof |
|
195 |
475 |
||||||
|
|
afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf]
;+Vof |
|
130 |
180 |
||||||
|
|
;xefuL afnaflnsf ;+Vof |
|
2600 |
4000 |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
l;=g= |
lzIff |
cf=j=)$(÷%) |
cf=j=)%#÷%$ |
cf=j=)%&÷%* |
|
||||
|
sf] l:ylt |
sf] l:ylt |
sf] l:ylt |
|
||||||
|
@) |
lzIfs ljj/0f |
813 |
1255 |
1349 |
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
;/sf/L |
777 |
852 |
877 |
|
||||
|
|
lghL |
36 |
403 |
472 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
162 |
228 |
272 |
|
||||
|
|
;/sf/L |
128 |
168 |
206 |
|
||||
|
|
lghL |
34 |
60 |
66 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
141 |
188 |
202 |
|
||||
|
|
;/sf/L |
84 |
130 |
142 |
|
||||
|
|
lghL |
57 |
58 |
60 |
|
||||
|
|
hDdf lzIfs ;+Vof |
1077 |
1671 |
1823 |
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
813 |
1252 |
1349 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
123 |
228 |
272 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
141 |
188 |
202 |
|
||||
|
|
lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
1M53 |
1.59 |
1.73 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
1M60 |
1.67 |
1.69 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
1M40 |
1.42 |
1.44 |
|
||||
|
|
lzIfs lzlIfsf b/aGbL ;+Vof |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
777 |
852 |
877 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
128 |
168 |
206 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
84 |
130 |
142 |
|
||||
|
|
:yfoL lzIfs ljj/0f |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
691 |
691 |
675 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
100 |
100 |
112 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
68 |
69 |
79 |
|
||||
|
|
c:yfoL lzIfs lzlIfsf ljj/0f |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
86 |
161 |
202 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
28 |
68 |
94 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
16 |
61 |
63 |
|
||||
|
|
tflnd k|fKt lzIfs lzlIfsf |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
k|flj |
272 |
161 |
202 |
|
||||
|
|
lgdflj |
32 |
32 |
48 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj |
45 |
49 |
64 |
|
||||
|
|
;|f]ts]Gb|sf] ;+Vof, :yfg,/ To; cGt{utkg]{ |
|
|
9 |
|
||||
|
ljBfno ;+Vof |
|
|
|||||||
|
k|flj |
|
|
|||||||
|
lgdflj |
187 |
|
|||||||
|
dflj |
45 |
|
|||||||
|
|
54 |
|
|||||||
|
|
5fqj[lQ ;daGwL ljj/0f |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
blnt 5fqj[lQ |
|
1420 |
2060 |
|
||||
|
|
h]xGbf/ 5fqj[lQ |
76 |
66 |
66 |
|
||||
|
|
ckfË5fqa[lQ |
|
|
40 |
|
||||
|
|
lkl5l8Psf au{sf nflu 5fqa[lQ |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
kf]iffs |
|
|
1703 |
|
||||
|
|
5fqj[lQ |
|
|
1062 |
|
||||
|
|
k|f]T;fxg 5fqa[lQ |
|
|
10 |
|
||||
|
|
dflj 5fqa[lQ |
|
|
100 |
|
||||
|
|
:yflgo 5fqa[lQ |
|
|
452 |
|
||||
|
|
k|flj 5fqa[lQ |
1120 |
1120 |
|
|
||||
lgdfljtkm{ #( j6f ;/sf/L tyf !) j6f lghL ljBfnox?
:yflkt 5g\ . k|fo M h;f] k|flj :t/Lo ljBfnox? lgdflj :t/df kl/0ft eO/x]sf 5g\
eg] ;a} dflj :t/Lo ljBfnox?df lgdflj :t/sf] k7g kf7g x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
dflj lzIfftkm{ $$ ljBfnox? ;/sf/L:t/df /x]sf 5g\ eg]
!# ljBfnox? lghL If]qaf6 ;~rflnt 5g\ . k|foM lghL ;|f]tsf oL dflj :t/Lo
ljBfnox?df k"j{ k|flj, k|flj tyf lgdflj sf sIffx? ;~rflnt 5g\ .
cgf}krfl/s lzIfftkm{ afn lzIff, cgf}krfl/s -k|f}9_
lzIff / ;fIf/f]Q/ sIffx? ;~rflnt 5g\ . cgf}krfl/s lzIffdf ;+nUg ljBfyL{x?sf]
pQL0f{ k|ltzt *( /x]sf] 5 . o; lzIffdf ;xefuLx?n] PskN6 l;sL ;s]kl5 k'g/fj[lQ
ug]{ jftfj/0f gePsf]n] lj;{g] / km]/L pxL k|f}9 cgf}krfl/s sIffdf egf{ x'g]
k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] 5 .
5fqj[lQtkm{ blnt 5fqj[lQ @)^) hgfnfO{, h]x]Gbf/
5fqj[lQ ^^ hgfnfO{, ckfË 5fqj[lQ $) hgfnfO{ kf]iffs !&)# hgfnfO{ lbPsf]
kfOG5 eg] k|f]T;fxg 5fqj[lQ !) hgfnfO{, dflj 5fqj[lQ !)) hgfnfO{ :yfgLo 5fqj[lQ
$%@ hgfnfO{ lbPsf] kfOG5 .
tflndtkm{ k|fljdf
@)@ hgf, lgdflj df $* hgf tyf dflj df ^$ hgf lzIfs lzlIfsfx?n] tflnd
k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . xfnsf] tflnd k|lqmofdf cfsif{0fsf] sdL ePsf] u'gf;fx? obfsbf
;'lgg cfPsf] 5 . To:t} ;/sf/L tyf lghL ljBfnox?df lg/LIfsx? lgoldt ?kn] ljBfno
lg/LIf0f ug{ ghfg] u/]sf] hgu'gf;f] /x]sf]] 5 . pRr lzIfftkm{ $ j6f -;/sf/L @,
lghL @ _, tyf pRr dflj * j6f /x]sf 5g\ . zf/bf ljBfkL7 -la=P8= ! jif{,/
;+:s[tsf] zf:qL;Dd_ ;~rfng ePsf] tyf
:yfgLo l;4gfy lj1fg SofDk;df k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx lj1fg b]lv :gtsf]Q/;Dd cWoog
cWofkg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|fljlws lzIffnotkm{ k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L=sf] cWoog
cWofkg x'g] ljleGg $ j6f lzIf0f ;+:yf /x]sf 5g\ . k|fljlws k|lj0ftf
k|df0fkqtkm{ a}hgfy OlGhlgol/Ë sn]h -l;len cf]e/l;o/ sf]6f ;+Vof $*_, ;]tL
dxfsfnL gl;{Ë SofDk;n] :6fkm g;{ -k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq gl;{Ë_ # jif]{ sfo{qmd
-sf]6f ;+Vof $)_ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
v]ns'b If]qdf :j:y, k|lt:kwL{, hgzlQm pTkfbg u/L
lhNnfsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;nfO{ an k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf
v]ns'bsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . FAO n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :t/ cg';f/ k|lt xhf/ hg;+Vofdf
!÷@ x]S6/ b]lv # x]S6/;Dd v'nf 7fpF geO{ gx'g] x'G5 eGg] dfGotf cg'?k lhNnfn]
ljleGg v'nf :yfgx? 5f]8]sf] 5 . t/ tL :yfgx?nfO{ v]ns'bsf nflu ljBfno :t/df
ljljw k"jf{wf/ tof/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
To:t} k|ltof]lutf s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] dx]Gb|gu/df klg s]xL k"jf{wf/
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf
v]ns'btkm{ ePsf
k"jf{wf/ – s~rgk'/
|
ljj/0f |
OsfO |
)%&÷%* |
|
;fj{hlgs d+r ÷ Kof/flk6 se8{ xn s':tL Eof6 lhd xfp; |
j6f ,, ,, ,, |
! ck"0f{ ! ! ! |
;|f]t M
lh=lz=sf, @)%*
F
ljBfno
5f8\g] b/ pRr x'g' M k|flj k"/f ug]{ ljBfyL{x?sf] b/ %$=## b]lvPsf] 5 eg]
ljBfno 5f8\g]x?df cflbjf;Ltkm{ $&=%Ü, blnttkm{ $%=%Ü b]lvPsf] 5 . ljleGg
lsl;dsf 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fOPtf klg blnt, cflbjf;Lx?sf] ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ pRr x'g'
z}lIfs ljsf;sf] jfws b]lvPsf] 5 . -lh=lz=of]=s~rgk'/,
@)%&÷%*_
F
sIff
bf]x¥ofpg] b/ j9L x'g' M k|fylds txsf] ljBfyL{x?sf] tYofÍ cfwf/ dfg]/ x]bf{
sIff bf]x¥ofpg] b/ 5fqtkm{ !&=!(Ü, 5fqftkm{ $(=*(Ü, / pQL0f{ b/ 5fqf eGbf
5fqtkm{ a9L x'g'n] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf] cfjZostfnfO{ OlËt u/]sf] 5 . -lh=lz=of]=s~rgk'/,
@)%*_
F
dlxnf
;fIf/tf b/ sd x'g' M o; lhNnfdf k'?if
;fIf/tf b/ &@Ü sf] t'ngdf ;fIf/tf b/ @^=$^Ü n] sd b]lvG5 .
F
5fqf
pQL0f{ b/ sd x'g' M cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] l:ylt x]bf{ k|fljdf 5fqf pQL0f{ b/
%)=!!Ü, lgdflj df @)=@!Ü / dflj $&=%)Ü /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 5fqf pQL0f{ b/ 5fq
pQL0f{ b/ eGbf lgs} sd ePsf] b]lvG5 . -lh=lz=of]=s~rgk'/,
@)%*_
F
blnt
÷ cflbjf;L ÷ d'Qm sd}of egf{ b/ Go"g x'g' M ljkGg, blnt, cflbjf;L / d'Qm
sd}ofsf] egf{ b/ Go"g x'g' lhNnfsf] z}lIfs ljsf;sf] r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf]
5 . -lhlj; / lh=lz=of]=s~rgk'/, @)%* sf]
tYofÍ cg';f/_ d'Qm sd}of egf{ b/ !)Ü, blnt egf{ b/ !$=*&Ü, cflbjf;L
egf{b/ @%=%(Ü /x]sf] 5 .
F
blnt
÷ cflbjf;L ÷ d'Qm sd}of ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ M ljBfno 5f8\g] b/df j[l4 x'g'sf] d'Vo
sf/0f cflbjf;L, blntsf] ljBfno 5f8\g] b/df j[l4 x'g' xf] . @)%*÷%( sf] tYofFs
cg';f/ cflbjf;L tyf hghfltsf] ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ %&=%Ü /x]sf] 5 eg] blntx?sf]
ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ $%=%Ü /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
F
ljBfnox?
cfly{s ?kn] sdhf]/ x'g' M >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ;Lldt cg'bfg tyf ljBfno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]] lgliqmotfsf] sf/0fn] ax';+Vos ljBfnox?sf] cfly{s l:ylt lgs}
sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . b'a{n cfly{s cj:yfn] ubf{ z}lIfs ;fdu|L h'6fpg tyf cGo cltl/Qm
lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{ jfwf k'u]sf] 5 .
F
cleefjsx?
rgfvf] gx'g' M afnaflnsfx?sf] z}lIfs k|ultaf/] cleefjsx?sf] rf;f] sd x'g' tyf ljBfnon]
;d]t afnaflnsfsf] l:yltaf/] cleefjsnfO{ hfgsf/L glbOg'n] klg z}lIfs u'0f:t/df
gsf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvG5 .
F
lzIfssf]
sdL x'g' M b/aGbL cg';f/ lzIfssf] sdL x'g' tyf s]xL ;dosf nflu s'g} lzIfssf]
cg'kl:ylt x'Fbf sIffx? vfnL /xg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L lzIfsx? tflnddf hfFbf,
;'Ts]/L ljbf jf ;+lrt ljbfdf /x+bf ljBfnon] cNksfnLg lzIfssf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]
k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5}g .
F
/fhgLtLs/0f
x'g' M ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] lzIfsx?sf ;+u7gx? dfkm{t lzIfsx?nfO{ cfˆgf]
/fhgLlts :jfy{ k"/f ug{ k|of]u ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bafjsf
sf/0f lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] To:tf lzIfsx?dfly cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxL ;d]t ug{
g;s]sf] dx;"; ul/Psf] 5 . o;afx]s Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;d]tn] lzIfsx?nfO{ cfˆgf]
bnut :jfy{ kl/k"lt{ ug]{ ;fwgsf ?kdf k|of]u ub]{cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
F
cfw'lgs
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u gx'g' M ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf cfPsf ljleGg kl/jt{gsf
/ ;'ljwfaf6 ax';+Vos ljBfnox? jl~rt /x]sfn] klg z}lIfs ljsf;df jfwf k'u]sf]
b]lvG5 . k|fo M w]/} h;f] ljBfyL{ / lzIfsx? sDKo'6/, Od]n / OG6/g]6sf]
k|of]usf] ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt /x]sf 5g\ .
F
;'kl/j]If0f,
cg'udg / d"NofÍg k|efjsf/L gx'g' M ;/sf/L tyf lghL ljBfnox?df lg/LIf0f
cg'udg tyf d"NofFsg k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf]n] z}lIfs k|zf;g r':t / b'?:t x'g
;s]sf] b]lvb}g .
F
z}lIfs
u'0f:t/sf cGo sdLx? M lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft, k':tsfno, k|of]uzfnf, tflndsf]
cefj, ljBfnodf ljbf a9L x'g', ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt Go"g x'g' cflb h:tf
;d:ofn] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ v:sbf] qmddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
F
lzIfs
b/aGbLsf] sdL M ljBfnodf b/aGbL cg';f/ lzIfsx?sf] cefj x'g' klg z}lIfs k|ultsf]
d'Vo jfws b]lvPsf] 5 . Psflt/ >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 cfjZos b/aGbL pknAw gx'g'
csf]{lt/ :yfgLo lgsfo Pj+ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] To;sf] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg' cflb
sf/0fn] ubf{ cfjZos k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ ;lsPsf] b]lvb}g .
F
lzIfsx?df
k|ltj4tfsf] sdL M lzIfsx?n] lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ g;Sg' tyf ljBfyL{n]
k|fKt ug]{ k|ltkmnsf] lhDd]jf/L lng g;Sg' klg z}lIfs k|ultsf] afwssf] ?kdf b]vf
k/]sf] 5 . k|fo M k7g kf7g ;dodf gl;l4g' klg d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .
F >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] c:ki6
gLltsf sf/0f lhlj;af6 ul7t / >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 ul7t @ j6f lhNnf v]ns'b ;ldlt
sfod /xg',
F ljleGg ljBfnodf v]ns'bsf
k|lzIfssf] cefj eO{ :t/Lo v]ns'bsf] ljsf; gx'g',
F k"jf{wf/ ljsf; /fd|/L
x'g g;Sg',
F v]ns'bnfO{
Jofj;foLs/0f ug{ g;lsg'sf sf/0fn] v]nf8Lx?n] j}slNks k]zf ckgfpg'kg]{ / kmn:j?k
v]ns'bdf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf v]nf8Lsf] pTkfbgdf jfwf k'Ug uPsf] b]lvG5 .