k|fs[lts ;|f]t
s~rgk'/sf] ;Gbe{df k|d'v k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ?kdf jg;|f]t, hn;|f]t / vlgh ;Dkbf - afn'jf, lu6L / 9'Ëf _sf ;|f]tx? /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] s'n e"efudWo] %$ k|ltzt cyf{t\ **,@)) x]S6/ jgIf]qdWo] #),%)) x]S6/ cf/IfIf]q, !(,%)) r'/] jgIf]q, xfn sl/a #,))) x]S6/ ;fd'bflos jgIf]q / #%,))) x]S6/ /fli6«o jgIf]q /x]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm jgIf]qdWo] xfn;Dd cf/If jgaf6 aif]{gL v/v8fO u/L s]xL v/3f+; lemSg]eGbf afx]s Tolt 7"nf] jgIf]qsf] ;|f]tsf] k"0f{ pkof]u x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;} u/L r'/] jgIf]qsf] jg3gTj clt Go"g /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;f] If]qdf hl8a'6L / e"–;+/If0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ k|s[ltsf clDn;f] / aflaof] h:tf 3f+;] jg:kltx?sf] /f]k0f / k|j4{g ug{ ;lsg] Jofks cfwf/ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;fd'bflos jgIf]q / /fli6«o jgIf]qdf xfn /x]sf] kftnf] jg 3gTjnfO{{ a9fp+b} h8La"6L / sfi7 tyf u}/sfi7 Pj+ kmnbf/ jg k}bfaf/sf] ;3g j[If/f]k0f ug]{ Jofks ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . lhNnfdf a9b} uO/x]sf] hg;+VofnfO{{ cfjZos kg]{ yk vfBfGg pTkfbg ug{ yk s[lif e"ldsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf gePsf] ;Gbe{df s[lifjg k|0ffnL ckgfpg' kg]{ l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . xfn gd'gfsf] ?kdf s[i0fk'/ uflj;sf] df}/Lkmf+6fdf / emnf/Lsf] sfnfkfgL h"8fdf ;d"xut ?kdf tyf bf]wf/f / rfFbgLdf ls;fgx?af6 7fpF7fpFdf JolQmut?kdf s[lifjg k|0ffnL ckgfpg z'? ul/Psf] 5 / o;nfO{{ cem Jofks agfP/ jgIf]qleq klg s[lif–pTkfbsTj a9fpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm h+un glhs a;f]af; ug]{ u|fdL0f dlxnfx?n] cBfjlw rfn' /flvPsf] jgIf]qaf6 em/]/ v;]sf kftx?nfO{{ ;+sng u/]/ k|f+ufl/s dn agfpg] k|ljlwnfO{{ cem a9L / Jofks?kdf ljsf; u/L k|f+ufl/s dnsf] pTkfbg a9fpg] / /f;folgs dn v/Lb ug{ vr{ eO/x]sf] ax'd"No ljb]zL d'b|f arfpgsf ;fy} k|f+ufl/s dndfq k|of]u u/L pTkfbg ul/Psf] /f;folgs ld>0f g ePsf], :jf:Yosf] nflu clt ;'/lIft vfBfGg / t/sf/Lsf] a9L laqmLd"No ;d]t ls;fgx?n] kfpg] / cfly{s x}l;ot j[l4 ug]{ ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fy} s~rgk'/sf] jgaf6 k|ltjif{ ;'vf9nf / ba'sf] ?kdf ;+sng eO/x]sf] sf7nfO{{ k|of]u ub}{ kmlg{r/ pTkfbg tyf laqmLljt/0fsf] ;d]t Jofks ;Defjgf lhNnfdf ljBdfg 5 . o;/L h+unsf] ;|f]tnfO{{ pkof]u u/L pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsg] dfq xf]Og /f]huf/Ldf ;d]t pNn]Vo j[l4 ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . xfn /x]sf] @%*) x]= ;fd'bflos jg If]qnfO{{ cfp+bf] % jif{leq (,))) x]= k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf] x'+bf o;nfO{{ ;d'bfosf] ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] nflu Ps k|d'v ;|f]tsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . Rofp tyf O:s'; v]tL, c+u'/ v]tL, v/fof] kfng, /a/, gLdsf] j[If/f]k0f h:tf gofF If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/L cfocfh{gsf] k|d'v cfwf/sf] ?kdf agIf]qsf] >f]t ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 .
s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ?kdf lhNnfsf gbLx?df k|jfxdfg tyf tfntn}ofx?df / e"ldut?kdf ;l~rt hn;|f]t / hne08f/ /x]sf] 5 . r'/] kj{t >[Înfaf6 lg:sg] $) eGbf a9L ;fgf 7"nf vf]nfgfnfb]lv lxdfnaf6 au]/ cfpg] dxfsfnL h:tf lxdgbLsf] kfgL k|jfxdfg /x]sf] s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf ;LdfgbL dxfsfnLsf] @),))) So';]s cf};t jflif{s hnk|jfxdWo] g]kfnsf] xs nfUg] cfwf !),))) So';]s / cGo gbLx?af6 Go"gtd cf};t?kdf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] !)) So';]s kfgLsf] ;d]t k"0f{ pkof]u ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . dxfsfnL gbLsf] xs nfUg] cfwf kfgLdf xfn lxp+bdf *)) So';]s -* k|ltzt_ / jiff{ofddf @,#%) So';]s -@#=%) k|ltzt_ cyf{t cf};tdf !%=&% k|ltzt dfq xs sfod ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 eg] ;f] xs sfod ul/Psf] kfgLdWo] klg !=% k|ltzt !%) So';]s kfgLsf] dfq l;+rfO{sf] nflu k|o]fu ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf cGo gbL gfnfx?sf] kfgLsf] ;d]t l;+rfO{sf] nflu % k|ltzteGbf sd dfq pkof]u ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 . tfn tn}ofx?df ;l~rt cf};t !,#@,!)) 3gld6/ kfgLsf] pkof]u s]xL tfnx?df df5fkfngdf dfq ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . xfn e"Ifosf] sf/0faf6 k'l/+b} uPsf To:tf tfn tn}ofx?nfO{{ ;kmfO u/L hne08f/ Ifdtf a9fO{ df5fkfngnfO{{ Jofj;flos?k lbgsf ;fy} ko{6gsf] nflu gf}sfogsf] ;d]t ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 .
csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf e";txb]lv @) ld6/ tn;Dddf l;+rfO{sf] nflu ;d]t e/kbf]{ e"ldut hn;|f]tsf] ljzfnIf]q ^*=#$ k|ltzt cyf{t !,!),@)% x]S6/ hUuf ePsf] lhNnfdf clxn];Dd kfgL lkpgsf] nflu ufl8Psf x}08–kfOkx?sf cltl/Qm l;+rfOsf] p2]Zon] x]bf{ hDdf !(*^ x]S6/ - !=@# k|ltzt _ hUuf dfq e"ldut kfgLaf6 l;+lrt ePsf] kfOG5 . ;du|df s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf s[lifsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg ;a}eGbf klxn] rflxg] l;+rfO{sf] nflu lhNnfdf pknAw ljBdfg ;txut hn;|f]tsf] !=% k|ltzt / e"ldut hn;|f]tsf] !=@# k|ltzt efu dfq clxn];Dd pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5 / o; l:yltn] cfp+bf lbgx?df l;+rfO{ kl/of]hgfx?sf] / vf; u/L Go"gtd #)) b]lv !,))) ;Dd So';]s Ifdtfsf] dxfsfnL l;+rfO kl/of]hgfsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] gx/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd cljnDa yfNg' kg]{tkm{ cfjlws of]hgfsf] ;jf]]{Rr k|fyldstf xf] egL O+lut ub{5 .
hn;|f]t pkof]usf] csf]{ kIf lhNnfdf kfgLsf d'xfg ePsf p+rf 7fpFx?af6 gx/, s'nf], afFw jf hnfzox? agfO{ lhNnfsf] 6f]kf]u|flkmsn cj:yfsf] kmfObf p7fp+b} ;fgf hnljB't kl/of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f / ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xg' klg xf] . o;} ;an kIfsf] cfwf/df ef/tn] 6gsk'/af6 kfgL nuL jgaf;fdf @@ ld6/ x]8sf] pkof]u ub}{ !@) d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] ljB't kfj/xfp; agfP/ ljB't pTkfbg u/]sf] 36gfaf6 s~rgk'/ lhNnfn] klg lhNnfsf] cfGtl/s hn;|f]taf6 To:tf] kmfObf lng ;Sg] ;Defjgf k|i6 b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf jiff{ofddf cfpg] af9Lsf] ;du| kfgLsf] clen]v klg /flvPsf] kfOb}g / xfn To:tf] kfgLnfO{{ ;~ro u/L ljB't pTkfbg, dT:okfng, l;+rfO{ tyf af9L lgoGq0f ug]{ tkm{ b[li6sf]0fg} g k'u]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . o;/L x]bf{ hn;|f]tsf] wgL s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf jiff{ ofddf !–@ dlxgf kfgL gkg]{ xf] eg] v8]/L k/L km;n gi6 x'g] dfq geO{ clgsfn ;d]t kg{;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ b[li6utu/L pQm k|sf/sf o;sf] nflu dWosfnLg jf bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ a]n}df Wofg lbg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf hgtfn] Jofks?kdf pkof]u ul//x]sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ?kdf lhNnfsf ljleGg efudf k|jfxdfg gbLgfnfx?df kfOg] afn'jf, u|fe]n / 9'Ëfx? kb{5g\ . clxn];Dd lHfNnfdf alg;s]sf #),))) eGbf a9L kSsL cfjf;Lo ejgx?, xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf ag]sf ;fj{hlgs ejgx? / ;8s, gx/ tyf cGo dxTjk"0f{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgdf{0fdf cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] e"ldsf v]Ng] k|fs[lts ;DklQsf] ?kdf /x]sf afn'jf, 9'Ëf / lu6Lsf] lhNnfdf kof{Kt pknAwtf x'gfn] s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] eljiodf ul/g] gjlgdf{0fsf] nflu ;d]t cfTdlge{/tfsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ ;lsG5 . jf:tjdf lhNnfsf] s'n e"efusf] )=&! k|ltzt If]q cyf{t !,!$( x]S6/ hUufdf kl/j]li7t gbLIf]qx?af6 ;+sng x'g] 9'Ëf, lu6L / afn'jfsf] s'n cfly{s of]ubfgsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ xf] eg] ck|ToIf of]ubfg aflif{s?kdf g} %) ;f}+ s/f]8sf] x'g hfG5 / k|ToIf ?kdf x]bf{ klg lhlj;n] k|ltjif{ cfh{g ug]{ cfGtl/s u}/s/ /fhZjsf] k|d'v efu g} oxL ;|f]taf6 pknAw x'g] u/]sf] 5 . xfnnfO{{ o:tf] vlgh ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u lhNnfleq dfq ;Lldt /x] klg dxfsfnL gbLsf] afn'jf / 5fg lu6L tyf r'/]af6 lg:sg] sfdLsf6] / vlgofvf]nf h:tf vf]nfx?df cgfjZos / xflgsf/s kl/df0fdf y'lk|/x]sf] u]u|fg -u|fe]n_ nfO{{ aflx/ lhNnf jf l5d]sL ef/tsf] ahf/df lgsf;L ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] lhlj;n] yk cfGtl/s /fhZj a9fpgsf ;fy} ljb]zL d'b|f ;d]t cfh{g ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm r'/] If]qdf oqtq kfOg] r"g 9'Ëfsf] ;|f]t / To;sf] ;+efAo pkof]uaf/] yk cWoog ;d]t ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] csf]{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t eg]sf] h}ljs ljljwtf klg xf] . lhNnfdf ;d'b| ;txaf6 !^) ld6/ dfq cUnf] /x]sf] k/f;g uflj;sf] v8\8fs+s8If]qsf] u/d 7fpFaf6 r'/] kj{t >[Înfdf cjl:yt a]tsf]6 / lemnldnf h:tf tfnx?sf] zLtn kl/j]zdf / udL{ofddf klg hf8f] dx;"; x'g] lnkgfn]sdf df]6/af6 # 306fdf g} k'Ug ;lsG5 / cem s]xL k}bn 6«]lsª ug]{ xf] eg] lhNnfs} ;a}eGbf cUnf] !%@* ld6/ -s/La %))) kmL6_ sf] dnf;] 6fs'/fdf k'uL k"/} s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] ;fy} 88]Nw'/f / s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ;d]t cf+lzs b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ / a}zfv h]7sf] udL{df klg hf8f] dx;"; ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm e"tnLo ljljwtfsf] kl/j]zdf pd|g] ljleGg h8La'6L tyf jg:kltx? Pj+ h+unL hgfj/x?sf] af;:yfgsf] cfwf/df kfOg] ljljwtfsf] klg k|ToIf cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}+ . o; leGgtfaf6 Ps} df};ddf leGg tfkqmdx?sf] pkof]u ub}{ a]df};dL t/sf/Lx?sf] pTkfbg tyf e08f/0f ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . lhNnfdf pknAw o; k|fs[lts ;|f]tnfO{{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] ;~hfn agfO{ ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynx?sf] ?kdf ;d]t ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] alnof cfwf/x? b]lvPsf 5g\ .